Ceramica (also spelled as "cerámica")

 Human beings appear to have been making their own ceramics for at least 26,000 years, subjecting clay and silica to intense heat to fuse and form ceramic materials. Overall, ceramics play an important role in human culture and industry, and continue to be produced and admired around the world.

Ceramica (also spelled as "cerámica") is a term used to describe the art and science of making ceramic objects. Ceramic objects are typically made from a mixture of clay, minerals, and water that are shaped and then fired at high temperatures to create a hardened, durable material.

The word "ceramic" comes from the Greek word κεραμικός (keramikos), "of pottery" or "for pottery", from κέραμος (keramos), "potter's clay, tile, pottery". The earliest known mention of the root "ceram-" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we. Modern ceramic art and design continue to be popular today, with contemporary artists and designers exploring new techniques, materials, and forms. Ceramics are also used in a variety of industrial and technical applications due to their durability, heat resistance, and other properties.

Ceramic objects have been made by humans for thousands of years, and have been used for a variety of purposes including functional objects like pottery, tiles, and building materials, as well as decorative objects like sculptures and vases. The techniques used to make ceramics have evolved over time and vary depending on the cultural context and available resources.

Dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Chinese, Greek, and Roman cultures, a type of material that is made from inorganic, non-metallic substances, such as clay, silica, or other minerals, that are hardened by heat. It is commonly used to make a wide range of products, such as tiles, bricks, pottery, and decorative objects.

 Today, ceramics are still widely used in various industries, such as construction, aerospace, electronics, and medicine, due to their excellent properties, such as high strength, durability, heat resistance, and chemical inertness.

The process of making ceramics typically involves shaping the raw materials into a desired form, such as by molding or throwing on a potter's wheel, and then firing the material at high temperatures to harden it. Depending on the specific type of ceramic being made, additional steps such as glazing, painting, or decorating may also be involved. Varying crystallinity and electron composition in the ionic and covalent bonds cause most ceramic materials to be good thermal and electrical insulators (researched in ceramic engineering). With such a large range of possible options for the composition/structure of a ceramic (nearly all of the elements, nearly all types of bonding, and all levels of crystallinity), the breadth of the subject is vast, and identifiable attributes. 

Refers to the art, science, and technology of creating objects from clay and other natural materials, such as sand, feldspar, and kaolin, through shaping and firing. The term "ceramics" can refer to both the finished products, such as pottery and porcelain, and the field of study and practice that encompasses the production, use, and aesthetics of these objects. 

There are several types of ceramics, including earthenware, stoneware, porcelain, and refractory ceramics. Each type has unique properties that make it suitable for different applications. For example, earthenware is often used for decorative objects and tableware, while refractory ceramics are used in high-temperature applications such as furnace linings and kiln furniture.

The production of ceramics involves several stages, including clay preparation, shaping, drying, glazing, and firing. Each stage requires different techniques and equipment, and skilled artisans and technicians are often involved in the production process.

Chinese ceramics are a type of pottery or porcelain that has been made in China for thousands of years. The production of Chinese ceramics began during the Neolithic period around 10,000 BC and has continued up to the present day.

Chinese ceramics are known for their intricate designs, beautiful colors, and delicate textures. They are made using a variety of techniques, including hand-building, wheel-throwing, and glazing. Some of the most famous types of Chinese ceramics include celadon, blue and white porcelain, and famille rose porcelain. 

Chinese ceramics have played an important role in Chinese culture and history. They have been used for a variety of purposes, such as for serving food and drink, for religious and ceremonial purposes, and as works of art. Chinese ceramics have also been traded around the world, and have influenced the development of ceramics in other cultures.

Today, Chinese ceramics are highly valued by collectors and art enthusiasts around the world. They are also still produced in China, using traditional techniques as well as modern innovations in technology and design.  Most later Chinese ceramics, even of the finest quality, were made on an industrial scale, thus few names of individual potters were recorded. Many of the most important kiln workshops were owned by or reserved for the emperor, and large quantities of Chinese export porcelain were exported as diplomatic gifts or for trade from an early date, initially to East Asia and the Islamic world, and then from around the 16th century to Europe. Chinese ceramics have had an enormous influence on other ceramic traditions in these areas.