The Surrey Militia was a historical military force in England

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The Surrey Militia was a historical military force in England, primarily active between the 16th and 19th centuries. Militias in the United Kingdom were local forces that could be called upon for defense during emergencies, such as invasions or internal unrest. Still, they were distinct from the regular army.


Key Points about the Surrey Militia:

  1. Origins and Role:

    • The Surrey Militia was part of the wider English militia system, which dates back to the Anglo-Saxon fyrd, a form of conscripted military service.
    • It was a local force drawn from the county of Surrey and could be mobilized for home defense, particularly in times of war or internal strife.

  2. 17th-18th Century:

    • The militia system was formalized during the Tudor period and saw significant use during the English Civil War (1642-1651).
    • In the 18th century, the Surrey Militia, like others, was reformed to serve as a reserve force during conflicts such as the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) and the Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815).

  3. 19th Century Reforms:

    • The Militia Act of 1852 reformed the militia system into a more organized and effective force, closely linked to the regular army.
    • The Surrey Militia continued to serve during this period, with its members often called up for training and occasional service, especially during the Crimean War (1853-1856).

  4. Amalgamation and Decline:

    • In 1881, as part of the Childers Reforms, the Surrey Militia was merged with the regular army as part of the county regiment system.
    • This marked the beginning of the end for the militia as a separate entity, as they were increasingly integrated into the regular military structure.

  5. Legacy:

    • The legacy of the Surrey Militia lives on in the modern British Army, particularly in regiments that trace their history back to these local forces.
    • Militia units like those in Surrey were precursors to the Territorial Army (now the Army Reserve), which continues the tradition of part-time, local military service.
    • With the passing of the threat of invasion, the trained bands declined during the following decades until King Charles I attempted to reform them into a national force or 'Perfect Militia' answering to the monarch rather than local officials.] In 1638 the reformed Surrey Trained Bands totalled 1500 men organised into three foot regiments and one horse.[ In 1640 Surrey was ordered to send 800 picked men for the Second Bishops' War.

Like other county militias, the Surrey Militia played an important role in British military history, serving as a key component of the nation’s defense, particularly before establishing a large standing army.



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